Tag Archives: First Republic

George Papuashvili – The 1921 Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Georgia: Looking Back after Ninety Years

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The 1921 Constitution can unquestionably be considered as one of the most advanced and perfect supreme legislative acts oriented towards human rights in the world for its time that is, the beginning of the twentieth century.The author argues that it reflects the most progressive legal and political discourse in practice or theory at that time in Western European countries or the USA 다운로드. As the main law of an independent democratic state, it established representative democracy as well as the system of democratic governance based on popular sovereignty by ensuring an independent judicial system 다운로드.

Papuashvili, G. (2012). The 1921 Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Georgia: Looking Back after Ninety Years. European Public Law, 18(2), 323-349 다운로드.

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Cory Welt – A Fateful Moment: Ethnic Autonomy and Revolutionary Violence in the Democratic Republic of Georgia (1918-1921)

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The roots of today’s Georgian-Abkhazian and Georgian-South Ossetian conflicts can be traced to the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the civil war that followed 다운로드. Locating these origins in revolutionary times is not just a temporal exercise. These conflicts had their roots in social and ideological differences both between and within ethnic categories 파이어폭스 영상 다운로드. While most politically active Abkhazians and South Ossetians harbored ethnic aspirations, expressions of Abkhazian and Ossetian ethnonationalism were heterogeneous and not all dedicated to complete territorial independence 다운로드. The tragedy for Georgian-Abkhazian and Georgian-South Ossetian relations is that primarily political disputes became overwhelmed by chaos and violent revolutionary events 다운로드.

Welt, C. (2014). A Fateful Moment: Ethnic Autonomy and Revolutionary Violence in the Democratic Republic of Georgia (1918-1921). In Jones, S. F 다운로드. (Ed.), The Making of Modern Georgia, 1918-2012: The First Georgian Republic and its Successors (pp. 205-231). Routledge.

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W. E. D. Allen – New Political Boundaries in the Caucasus

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In the May 1927 edition of The Geographical Journal, W. E. D. Allen documents the dissolution of the Tsarist Russian ‘Vice-Royalty of the Caucasus’ in favour of the new, ‘people’s republics’ that, after a very brief period of independence, were brought under Soviet control 다운로드.

Allen, W. E. D. (1927). New Political Boundaries in the Caucasus. Geographical Journal, 430-441.

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Stephen Jones – Between Ideology and Pragmatism: Social Democracy and the Economic Transition in Georgia 1918-21

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The Democratic Republic of Georgia (1918-21) was a novel experiment in social democracy in the most unexpected time and place 당신과는 천천히. Georgia was rural and mostly illiterate, and its leaders faced the complex tasks of nation and state building in conditions of external threat, internal conflict, and global economic depression 다운로드. The first democratically elected social democratic government in Europe, it confronted the inevitable tensions between market principles and socialist ideals 잔잔한 노래 다운로드. The new government’s economic policies reflected the dilemmas and contradictions faced by all social democratic parties in a capitalist environment cubicreator 다운로드. The new leaders created a mixed economy, framed by social democratic goals, but driven by pragmatism. Economic pioneers, how successful were they in creating a sustainable economic system and a model for other European socialists to follow 에벌리 다운로드?

Jones S. (2014). Between Ideology and Pragmatism: Social Democracy and the Economic Transition in Georgia 1918-21. Caucasus Survey, Vol.1, No.2, April 2014, 63-81 구글어스 모바일.

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