Category Archives: News

New Publications: July 2014

Project “Georgica” presents the brief overview of publications about Georgia issued in July, 2014.

Academic Articles

Berglund, C. (2014). Georgia between Dominant-Power Politics, Feckless Pluralism, and Democracy. Demokratizatsiya: The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization, vol. 22, n. 3.

This article charts the last decade of Georgian politics (2003-2013) through theories of semi-authoritarianism and democratization. It first dissects Saakashvili’s system of dominant-power politics, which enabled state-building reforms, yet atrophied political competition. It then analyzes the nested two-level game between incumbents and opposition in the run-up to the 2012 parliamentary elections. After detailing the verdict of Election Day, the article turns to the tense cohabitation that next pushed Georgia in the direction of feckless pluralism 결혼행진곡. The last section examines if the new ruling party is taking Georgia in the direction of democratic reforms or authoritarian closure.

Papava, V. (2014). Georgia’s Economy: The Search for a Development Model. Problems of Economic Transition, vol. 57, n.3, 83-94.

Since its declaration of independence, Georgia has failed to create an economic system that can provide the basis for stable economic development. The expectations and reforms undertaken after the “Rose Revolution” have not been met. What has developed as a result is a poor country’s consumer economic model. After the opposition victory in Georgia’s October 2012 parliamentary elections, another opportunity to create and develop a competitive real sector has appeared, but taking advantage of it will require a free trade regime with the European Union (and in the slightly more distant future, with the United States) and the resumption of trade with Russia. Concerted government action is necessary to implement these tasks.

Serrano, S 원피스 극장판 스탬피드 다운로드. (2014). The Georgian Church: Embodiment of National Unity or Opposition Force? Russian Politics and Law, vol. 52, n. 4, 74-92.

The Georgian Orthodox Church is guided by the striving to embody the unity of the nation, but it constantly comes up against the diversity of society

Sordia, G. (2014). Challenges of Minority Governance and Political Participation in Georgia. Caucasus Analytical Digest (CAD), no. 64, 2-6.

This article discusses state policies towards national minorities in Georgia. It explores the institutional framework of minority governance and identifies the main challenges the state is facing in the process of civil integration and participation of minorities. The analysis also assesses the National Concept on Tolerance and Civil Integration and Action Plan, the main document which regulates and defines state programs and activities in the field of minority integration.

Metreveli, E If you wonder download. (2014). The Georgian State and Minority Relations. Caucasus Analytical Digest (CAD), no. 64, 6-14.

The purpose of this article is to examine the relationship between the Georgian state and its ethnic minority communities of Samtskhe-Javakheti and Kvemo Kartli. Specifically, the current issues and challenges hampering social cohesion are considered against the background of existing legacies and preconditions caused by the changing international environment.

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Oganesyan, M. (2014). Mixed Marriages in Georgia: Trends and Implications. Caucasus Analytical Digest (CAD), no. 64, 14-17.

Mixed marriages is often regarded as an indicator of inter-group mixing and a group’s status within society. This article will examine major intermarriage trends in Georgia after the fall of the Soviet Union by focusing on some of the key factors affecting mixed marriages and inter-group relations in the country x-force 2020.

Minasian, S. (2014). Azerbaijan and Georgia: Assymetrical Relations. Central Asia and The Caucasus, Volume 15, Issue 2.

The relations between Georgia and Azerbaijan are a key factor in regional politics and security in the Southern Caucasus. They strongly affect economic contacts and trade, as well as the implementation of all sorts of communication and energy projects. The two countries agree on many issues of regional policy, the way ethnopolitical conflicts should be settled, and the degree to which external actors could or should be involved. Turkey’s presence in bilateral Georgian-Azeri relations is another important factor that may end in a geopolitical triangle of sorts in the Southern Caucasus. On the other hand, these relations cannot and should not be described as a formalized full-scale political, let alone, military-political alliance with corresponding mutual obligations 대신증권 다운로드. The author discusses these and other aspects of bilateral relations, assesses the prospects for further cooperation, and points to the possible challenges and problems that might crop up later.

Jijelava, D., & Vanclay, F. (2014). Social licence to operate through a gender lens: The challenges of including women’s interests in development assistance projects. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, 1-11.

The paper analyses the concept of social licence to operate from a gender perspective. We examine the challenges associated with obtaining a gender-aware social licence for development assistance organizations working in conservative, traditional rural societies 다운로드. We argue that during project activities, a development cooperation organization should take into account the contextual situation, especially in conservative societies, to ensure that women also benefit from their activities. Focusing on CARE International’s JOIN project in Georgia, we identify six challenges that aid agencies face: cultural protocols and gender roles reinforce and exacerbate women’s traditional disadvantage; the existing relationships between women and local authorities limits their opportunities; the limited mobility of women creates additional barriers; there is a gender disparity in access to information and resources; women are exploited as a means to access financial resources; and the out-migration of men means that many women are at risk of increasing vulnerability and may not benefit from development assistance projects.

Eradze, I. (2014). Environmental Sustainability of Georgian Economic Policies in 2004-2013. Center for Social Sciences, Working Paper.

The hereby study aims to analyze: How have the principles of sustainable development been followed in the process of Georgian economic development during Saakashvili’s government (2004-2013) in the framework of environmental sustainability and why? The main goal of the paper is to identify the understanding of development by Saakashvili’s government, analyze its compliance with sustainable development principles and study the reasons for their absence or existence 테이킹 우드스탁 다운로드.

Modebadze, V., Sayın, F.M. & Yılmaz, R. (2014). Georgian–Turkish Relations since the Breakdown of Soviet Union. Çankırı Karatekin University Journal of The Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences. 4(1), 359-369.

This article analyzes Georgian – Turkish relations since the collapse of the Soviet Union. Georgia managed to establish relations with Turkey only after gaining independence. Nowadays Georgia has very close relations with its Southern neighbor. Due to its strategic location, Georgia occupies a significant place in Turkish foreign policy. Georgia is a necessary bridge connecting Turkey with Azerbaijan and Central Asian States. Furthermore, Georgia has become a key transit route for Caspian energy resources 다운로드. For Georgia Turkey is a window to Europe and the largest trade partner. This article analyzes Georgian – Turkish relations since the collapse of the Soviet Union. Georgia managed to establish relations with Turkey only after gaining independence. Nowadays Georgia has very close relations with its Southern neighbor. Due to its strategic location, Georgia occupies a significant place in Turkish foreign policy. Georgia is a necessary bridge connecting Turkey with Azerbaijan and Central Asian States. Furthermore, Georgia has become a key transit route for Caspian energy resources. For Georgia Turkey is a window to Europe and the largest trade partner.

Aliyev, H ccs v5 download. (2014). The Effects of the Saakashvili Era Reforms on Informal Practices in the Republic of Georgia. Studies of Transition States and Societies, (6.1), 19-33.

Since the 2003 Rose Revolution, the Georgian government implemented a number of major institutional reforms which have succeeded in modernising Georgia’s state institutions, reducing corruption and ‘formalising’ the public sector. While the effects of Saakashvili’s reforms on state and institution-building, corruption and the rule of law have been examined by a large and growing body of academic literature, there has been little discussion about the impact of institutional changes on the previously widespread culture of informality in Georgia. This article explores the effects of Georgian institution-building from such aspects of informality as the use of informal networks and connections in exchanges of favours, gift-giving and other types of informal activities. The findings of this study, based on the analysis of recent surveys and in-depth interviews, conclude that the reforms succeeded in undermining the overall importance of informal practices in dealings with state bureaucracy, education system, healthcare, law enforcement, judiciary and some other areas previously dominated by informality 알집 8.0 다운로드. However, the reliance on informality did not disappear, and informal networks are still employed as coping mechanisms and as social safety nets.

Think-Tank Reports

Dvali, A. & Badasyan E. (2014). Problems of Kvemo Kartli and Samtskhe-Javakheti and Foreign Policy Preferences of the Local Populations. Caucasian House.

This paper discusses the basic problems of the regions populated by ethnic minorities, and the attitudes of the local population towards Georgia’s foreign policy. The research was conducted in two cities, Marneuli and Akhalkalaki. Interviewed respondents are representatives of local non-governmental organizations, the business sector, the media, religious institutions, political parties and local government. The study revealed the main factors that affect the formation of the foreign policy priorities of the respondents.

New Publications: June 2014

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Project “Georgica” presents the brief overview of publications about Georgia issued in June, 2014.

Books

Pataraia, T., Bekishvili, N., Kopaliani, D., & Absandze, I. (2013). Georgia: History of Green Politics. Tbilisi, Georgia: Heinrich Boell Foundation.

“Georgia: History of Green Politics” is composed of the publications of several researchers. Together these publications describe the most interesting historic chapters of green movement in Georgia. The book describes the roots of establishment of green movement and the Green Party, the directions and the results of legislative activity of the Green Faction in the Georgian Parliament, and main factors causing the weakening of the Party.

Book Chapter

Salukvadze, J wbfs manager download. & Meladze, G. (2014). Georgia: Migration, A Main Risk towards Sustainable Demographic Future. In Eross, A. & Karacsonyi, D. (Eds.), Discovering Migration between Visegrad countries and Eastern Partners (pp. 150-169). Budapest, Hungary: Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

The book studies the features, recent processes and probable future trends of migration between Visegrad countries and Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova and Georgia. In former socialist bloc migration was strongly controlled by the state, border crossing was limited and even militarized along the iron curtain. After 1990 mobility has rapidly increased in the region generating mass (out)migration. EU integration of Visegrad counties, especially the implementation of Schengen border control system, has installed new boundaries between the EU member V4 countries and their Eastern partners 다운로드. Recently the global crisis has also redrawn the migratory processes in the region.

Academic Article

Soderlind, U. (2014). Fast Food in Tbilisi. Review of Applied Socio-Economic Research, 7(1), 125-146.

This article deals with the fast food establishments that can be found in Georgia’s capital Tbilisi as of today. The article is divided into two sections, first interviews with the managers or the owners of the establishments and then we hear the voices of the costumers by a questionnaire that was left for the costumers to answer while they were visiting the establishments. The article and study should be seen as a first academic attempt to map out the fast food sphere in Tbilisi that is quite new on the gastronomic map of the country 다운로드.

Shevchuk, Z. (2014). The Evolving Nature of the Armed Conflict in South Ossetia: From “Frozen” to “Hot” and Back. Obrana a strategie, 14(1), 51-64.

This article explores the conflict processes in one of the most volatile regions in post-Soviet space – South Ossetia. The objective of the analysis is to bring more nuanced and explicit distinction to the understanding of the heterogeneous nature of the armed conflict. By studying the evolution of issues at stake and conflict processes we can trace the pattern of conflict behavior. The study focuses on an assessment of the extent to which ethnicity is merely a convenient common dominator to mobilize ethnic groups in the struggle over resources, land, or power 다운로드. This study rejects the common notion that the contemporary conflicts in the South Ossetia can be understood as “unfinished business” from the past ethnic conflicts that had been “frozen” under the communist regime.

Think-Tank Reports

Smith, D.J. (2014). Azerbaijan and Georgia: The Enduring Strategic Importance of the South Caucasus East-West Corridor (Expert Opinion 19). Tbilisi, Georgia: GFSIS.

Azerbaijan and Georgia form the fulcrum of the South Caucasus East-West Corridor, which connects the North Atlantic water system, including the Mediterranean and Black Seas and the Rhine-Main-Danube River-Canal system, with a Eurasian land route that reaches the Pacific Ocean 리눅스 tcpdump. At the same time this corridor is the geopolitical key to Putin’s quest to recreate the Russian Empire. Moscow’s fear of the history-altering potential of a viable non-Russian corridor between the Black Sea and the Caspian makes the geopolitical struggle for this region a zero-sum game.

Kapanadze, S. (2014). Georgia’s Vulnerability to Russian Pressure Points (Policy Memo 106). Brussels, Belgium: ECFR.

This paper analyses the various economic, political, and military pressure points that Russia can target to derail Georgia’s path to Europe. Georgia has decreased its dependency on Moscow substantially since its last dramatic conflict with Moscow in 2007. However, this memo argues that Russia still has the means to influence Georgia’s foreign-policy choices by attacking strategic bilateral vulnerabilities that include wine exports, remittances, investment, winter oil supplies, domestic divisions, and the occupied regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia 다운로드.

Fix, L. (2014). Georgia Knocking on Europe’s Door (DGAPkompakt Nr. 10). Berlin, Germany: DGAP

On June 27, Georgia will sign an Association Agreement with the EU – the same type of agreement that triggered revolution and crisis in Ukraine. Despite all efforts to reduce its dependency on Russia, Georgia remains in a vulnerable position. Russian pressure is to be expected, either in the run-up to the signing or in its aftermath, while Georgia will stay in the EU’s antechamber, without security guarantees from NATO. In view of Russian attempts to exert influence and a possible rise of Euroskepticism within Georgia, the EU’s challenge is to keep the country on the European track 다운로드.

Gogolashvili, K. (Ed.). (2014). In Search of Ways for Russian-Georgian Normalization. Tbilisi, Georgia: GFSIS.

The publication consists of public policy documents written by Georgian and Russian experts. These articles focus on various aspects of Russia-Georgia relations: social forces in Russia and Georgia and their role in peacebuilding, the directions and limits of the opportunities for the normalization of relations between the two countries, the role of international players in the relations between Russia and Georgia, and economic factors shaping the process of normalization.

Saari, S. (2014) 다운로드. Georgia’s Search for the Third Way (Briefing Paper 157). Helsinki, Finland: FIIA.

Russia is not likely to resort to overt political pressure on Georgia in the run-up to Georgia’s signing of the Association Agreement with the EU (27 June), and the NATO Summit in Wales (4–5 September). This is partly due to its weak levers and the fact that they cannot be strengthened within a short time span. Instead, Russia is likely to apply a dual strategy by strengthening its indirect ‘influence tools’ that are operating within Georgian society, as well as by continuing dialogue and pragmatic cooperation with the Georgian leadership – at least for the time being. Despite the fact that the Russian intervention in Ukraine is likely to deter and delay substantial progress in the cooperation between Georgia and Russia, both sides seem to be willing to continue on the path of ‘normalisation’. A practical compromise on the Georgian westward course seems to be emerging: in all likelihood Georgia will sign the Association Agreement with the EU without much Russian interference, but NATO will not offer Georgia a Membership Action Plan at the Summit 다운로드.

Kakachia, K. (2014). Is Georgia’s Orthodox Church an Obstacle to European Values? (Policy Memo 322). Washington, DC: PONARS.

Since independence, many post-Soviet states have witnessed a rise in religious tension, particularly between the predominant Orthodox churches, other faiths, and the secular requirements of modern governance. In Georgia, the bonds between the Georgian Orthodox Church and the state are longstanding and deep-seated. As Georgia moves toward greater association with the EU, however, there have been some shifts in church-state relations that have challenged principles of secularism and Westernization. They have raised questions of tolerance and, in the context of contemporary geopolitics, the implications of the relationship between the Kremlin, the Moscow Patriarchate, and the Georgian Orthodox Church arc welder download.

Must-Read Article

Joseph, E. P. & Tsereteli, M. (2014, July 2). Here’s How NATO Can Open a Path to Membership for Georgia. Washington, DC: Atlantic Council.

Between the two extreme options – immediately granting Georgia a membership action plan at the upcoming summit in Cardiff, Wales or handing Tbilisi more empty promises – lies an alternative: the formal declaration by alliance leaders that Georgia can be admitted to NATO at any given moment without a MAP. This would avoid providing Moscow with any pretext for further chicanery in the Caucasus, such as annexing South Ossetia and its fellow breakaway region, Abkhazia. At the same time, by removing the impediment of a MAP, such a step would restore the faith of Georgian leaders and the public in the vision of “joining the West.”

New Publications: May 2014

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Project “Georgica” presents the brief overview of publications about Georgia issued in May, 2014.

Books

Mühlfried, F. (2014). Being a state and states of being in highland Georgia. Berghahn Books, Easa Series.

The highland region of the republic of Georgia, one of the former Soviet Socialist Republics, has long been legendary for its beauty. It is often assumed that the state has only made partial inroads into this region, and is mostly perceived as alien. Taking a fresh look at the Georgian highlands allows the author to consider perennial questions of citizenship, belonging, and mobility in a context that has otherwise been known only for its folkloric dimensions. Scrutinizing forms of identification with the state at its margins, as well as local encounters with the erratic Soviet and post-Soviet state, the author argues that citizenship is both a sought-after means of entitlement and a way of guarding against the state. This book not only challenges theories in the study of citizenship but also the axioms of integration in Western social sciences in general.

Academic Articles

Lebanidze, B.: What makes authoritarian regimes sweat 다운로드? Linkage, leverage and democratization in post-Soviet South Caucasus. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, Volume 14, Issue 2, 2014

This paper seeks to investigate the role of the international environment in the democratic transition process in the post-Soviet South Caucasus states. Based on the famous theoretical model of linkage and leverage, the influence of two main regional actors, Russia and the West (In this paper, ‘the West’ is conceptualized as the sum of influences stemming from the EU, the US and the multinational institutions dominated by the Western states (e.g. NATO, the IMF, the World Bank, and EBRD).), are explained and conceptualized. The paper argues that competitive authoritarianism, the form of political regime that is believed to be predominant in the region, is the result of the flawed democratization strategy pursued by the EU and the US on the one hand and the influence of Russia, the counter-hegemonic power, on the other hand, which explicitly or implicitly decreases the transformative power of the West.

Chakhaia, L., Andguladze, N., Janelidze, A., Pruidze, N.: Identities, cultural capital, educational choices and post-communist transition: an ethnographic study of Georgian youth. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, Volume 14, Issue 2, 2014

This paper summarizes a qualitative study of the educational decision-making of adolescents with diverse backgrounds in the post-Soviet republic of Georgia 다이나 밉스 다운로드. The results suggest that a set of institutional factors force young people with certain backgrounds to drop out of school at an early stage, even when alternative education or labour market options are not available for them. The absence of fear of downward mobility among some parents may be helping to increase educational inequality. Parental motivation can be seen as a form of capital that is particularly valued by teachers, who attenuate aspirations of those students whose parents lack it and encourage them to leave the system.

Kitaevich, E. J.: History that splinters: education reforms and memory politics in the Republic of Georgia. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, Volume 14, Issue 2, 2014

Sudden collapse of Communism and uncertainty of the new order brought about renewed fascination with the national history. Much of the research on collective memory formation and identity-building in the post-Soviet space, however, paid disproportionate attention to the role of the state as the main locus of collective memory production 다운로드. The method of qualitative inquiry proposed in this article, in a social constructivist vein, examines the formation of collective memory narratives and the visions of statehood from the ground up in the context of Georgia. Based on the analysis of the data derived from extensive interviews with 64 school teachers of history, as well as content analysis of nine textbooks, and several versions of the official curriculum plan, I suggest that societal views of history, are noticeably divided along the generational cleavage lines, forming four distinct categories of narratives that respond to and often contest the state-generated discourse, while informing the visions of statehood of the members of polity.

Driscoll, J., Hidalgo, D.: Intended and unintended consequences of democracy promotion assistance to Georgia after the Rose Revolution. Research & Politics April-June 2014 vol. 1 no. 1

What are the political consequences of democratization assistance to regimes transitioning from authoritarian rule? By exploiting the downstream effects of a field experiment designed to encourage citizen monitoring of Georgia’s 2008 parliamentary elections, we evaluate the political consequences of one type of democracy promotion aid rix 모던 고딕 b. The intervention increased citizen activism, but it also had the unanticipated effect of suppressing overall voter turnout by approximately 5%. We hypothesize that the civic education campaign was interpreted as a sign of increased political attention to a selected voting precinct, which suppressed opposition turnout. Two additional experiments provide additional evidence for the hypothesis.

Blauvelt, T.: The ‘Mingrelian Question’: Institutional Resources and the Limits of Soviet Nationality Policy. Europe-Asia Studies

Based on primary source materials from the Georgian Party archive and periodical press, this article examines the conflict between central and local elites in the Soviet Republic of Georgia over whether or not to grant linguistic and territorial rights to residents of one of its regions. The case demonstrates how the promises and aspirations of Soviet nationality policy were actually negotiated and interpreted on the local level in the early years of Soviet power, and how actors attempted to make use of nationality policy in order to mobilise the institutional resources available to them.

Dobbins, M., Khachatryan, S.: Europeanization in the “Wild East” 다운로드? Analyzing higher education governance reform in Georgia and Armenia. Higher Education, May 2014

The authors examine higher education developments in two peripheral post-communist countries—Georgia and Armenia, whose education systems have previously received little attention in the literature. They focus on how both countries’ models of higher education governance have evolved through the phase of political transformation and recent period of geopolitical tensions and more intense Europeanization and internationalization. Based on a series of empirical indicators for three ideal-types of higher governance derived from the previous literature, the authors assess the transformed relationship between the state and higher education institutions. Specifically, they focus on the extent to which both systems have converged on a market-oriented model of Anglo-American inspiration. The empirical analysis shows that following western practices has become a common leitmotiv of policy-makers in both countries and that new forms of “co-governance” between the state and university management have emerged. However, the authors argue that policy learning from the West has taken place in a very selective and tactical manner, as market-oriented steering instruments are only being adopted to the extent that they do not undermine the state’s means for political control over higher education construction simulator 3 다운로드.

Gotfredsen, K. B.: Void Pasts and Marginal Presents: On Nostalgia and Obsolete Futures in the Republic of Georgia. Slavic review. Volume 73 Number 2

In contemporary Georgia and beyond, nostalgia for the Soviet past is often ridiculed and dismissed as a reactionary wish to turn back time. In this article, however, I explore generational nostalgia as temporal displacement of present political struggles. Drawing on life story interviews with middle-aged and elderly people in the provincial town of Gori, I argue that nostalgic longings may be understood as active attempts to presence personal pasts and futures that have publicly been rendered absent by an official rhetoric and practice that explicitly rejects the Soviet past. From this perspective, post-Soviet generational nostalgia temporally connects several dimensions of absence: the experience of one’s personal past being publicly cast as void; a perceived lack of social security, influence, and significance in the present; and a dynamic whereby these two dimensions render former dreams and visions for the future obsolete.

Manning, P.: Once Upon a Time, There Was Sex in Georgia 예전에 다운로드. Slavic review. Volume 73 Number 2

Georgians have long found in the remote mountainous regions of Georgia, Pshavi and Khevsureti, a fragmentary ethnographic image of a romantic and exotic “once upon a time” version of Georgia. Georgians have been particularly tantalized by images of the strange sexual practices of these mountains (called ts’ats’loba), which represent a kind of paradoxical “sex without sex,” a seeming inversion of normative Georgian sexuality, belonging at the same time to the most “Georgian” part of Georgia. Fragmentary images of this “Georgian ancestral sex” circulate in a complex, multigenred interdiscursive space of citationality, becoming, in this recirculation, a haunting absent presence, re-presentations of a sexual alterity shot through with lacunae and absences, which become full of virtual potentiality as these gaps and absences are filled in with one’s own imagination and desire. This article ethnographically traces the citational connections between these fragmentary images of sexuality.

Dunn, E. C.: Humanitarianism, Displacement, and the Politics of Nothing in Postwar Georgia. Slavic review. Volume 73 Number 2

After the 2008 war with Russia, many internally displaced people (IDPs) in the Republic of Georgia complained that they had nothing, despite the fact that international donors gave more than $450 million in humanitarian aid 다운로드. What was nothing? How was it related to forced migration? Why did humanitarianism continually focus the IDPs’ attention on what they had lost rather than the help they had been given? In this article, I use the work of existentialist philosopher Alain Badiou to argue that humanitarianism creates four forms of absence: anti-artifacts, black holes, imaginary numbers, and absolute zero. These forms of nothingness force displaced people into having nothing, doing nothing, and being nothing, which in turn prevents them from reassembling the fragments of their previous lives into meaningful forms of existence in the present.

Fredriksen, M. D.: The Would-Be State: Reforms, NGOs, and Absent Presents in Postrevolutionary Georgia. Slavic review. Volume 73 Number 2

In the wake of the 2003 revolution in Georgia, the speed of reform in the sphere of psychosocial aid meant that a range of international donors left the country, believing that the services provided by local NGOs, whom they had been supporting, were now taken over by the state gba download. However, many of the reforms and institutional changes officially initiated during this period were never implemented. Hence, an array of present-day problems remained unresolved or untreated because they would be addressed by the state “in the future.” In this article, I refer to this as a would-be state: the condition of that which will be in the future and a state that gains its legitimacy by promising a better tomorrow. By rendering certain issues as unproblematic in future, the Georgian state has managed to make them appear to unproblematic (and thus absent) in the present. I use this framework to engage in a wider discussion of the measures of success in eastern Europe’s new democracies.

Must-Read Articles

Cecire, M.: Georgia’s Fifth Column Stirs-A wakeup call for the West. The American Interest, 19.05.2014

As the U.S. and Europe struggle to respond to Russian aggression in Ukraine, Moscow hopes to export its Orthodox-Nationalist ideology to Georgia—just as public cynicism towards Tbilisi’s pro-West political consensus is increasing.

Think-Tank Reports

Coffey, L..: Strengthen Bilateral Defense Cooperation with Georgia 헬머니 다운로드. The Heritage Foundation, 05.05.2014

New Publications: April 2014

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Project “Georgica” presents the brief overview of publications about Georgia issued in April, 2014.

Academic Articles

Jones S. (2014). Between Ideology and Pragmatism: Social Democracy and the Economic Transition in Georgia 1918-21. Caucasus Survey, Vol.1, No.2, April 2014, 63-81 다운로드.

The Democratic Republic of Georgia (1918-21) was a novel experiment in social democracy in the most unexpected time and place. The new leaders created a mixed economy, framed by social democratic goals, but driven by pragmatism. Economic pioneers, how successful were they in creating a sustainable economic system and a model for other European socialists to follow?

Blauvelt, T 몬헌 월드 pc. K. (2014). The Establishment of Soviet Power in Abkhazia: Ethnicity, Contestation and Clientelism in the Revolutionary Periphery. Revolutionary Russia, 1-25.

This article investigates the intersection of Soviet nationality policy, ethno-federal territorialism, clientelism and the creation of new administrative institutions in the course of the establishment of Soviet power in Abkhazia, an ethnically diverse territory in the periphery of the former tsarist empire 일 포스티노 영화 다운로드.

Kakachia, K., Pataraia, T., & Cecire, M. (2014). Networked Apathy: Georgian Party Politics an d the Role of Social Media. Demokratizatsiya: The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization, 22(2), 255-275 박효신 야생화 mp3.

This article examines the way in which Georgia’s political parties use social media. Overall, of available social media, politicians and parties prefer to use Facebook, but they do not take advantage of its various interactive features.

Turmanidze K., & Gabedava M. (2014). Georgians in the Internet Age: The Profile 에어라이더 다운로드. Caucasus Analytical Digest, No. 61-2, 2-5.

This article looks at the profile of active Internet users based on the 2013 Caucasus Barometer. Specifically, we are interested in describing the social-economic profile of internet users and exploring similarities and differences between the users and non-users in terms of political attitudes and religiosity 다운로드.

Tsuladze L. (2014). Civil Engagement via Social Media in Georgia. Caucasus Analytical Digest, No. 61-2, 6-8.

This article discusses the specifics of civil engagement via social media in Georgia and inquires whether and to that extent online civic activities translated into actions outside cyberspace 다운로드.

Frear T. (2014). The Foreign Policy Options of a Small Unrecognised State: the Case of Abkhazia. Caucasus Survey, Vol.1, No.2, April 2014, 83-107.

The study of international relations has historically focused on the activities of large, powerful states, dismissing the smaller entities of the international system as unimportant or merely objects of policy for the larger entities 테라 리아 다운로드. This article aims to address the foreign policy of one such entity, Abkhazia.

Reports

Markozashvili D., & Linderman L. (2014). The Untapped Potential of Georgians Abroad. Atlantic Council Articles.

This article argues that a clear, effective, transparent, and comprehensive diaspora strategy addressing out migration and population loss will provide Georgia with a firm foundation for allied policymakers and the government to move the country toward Euro-Atlantic institutions 앨리샤 다운로드.

Matusiak M. (2014). Georgia – Between a Dream and Reality. OSW Commentary.

The new Georgian leadership is facing strategic domestic and geopolitical challenges, compounded by the current conflict in Ukraine 다운로드.

New Publications: March 2014

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Project “Georgica” presents the brief overview of publications about Georgia issued in March, 2014.

Books

Nutsubidze, T., Horn C.B., & Lourie, B. (Eds.). (2014). Georgian Christian Thought and Its Cultural Context: Memorial Volume for the 125th Anniversary of Shalva Nutsubidze (1888-1969). Leiden, The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV.

The volume contains contributions dedicated to the person and the work of Shalva Nutsubidze and his scholarly interests: the Christian Orient from the fifth to the seventh century, the Georgian eleventh century, the Neoplatonic philosopher Ioane Petritsi and his epoch and Shota Rustaveli and mediaeval Georgian culture. Among the articles are a new edition and translation of the original Georgian author’s Preface to the lost Commentary on the Psalms by Ioane Petritsi and the editio princeps with an English translation of an epistle of Nicetas Stethatos (eleventh century), whose Greek original is lost 지오메트리대쉬 1.9 다운로드. The traditions of Georgian mediaeval thought are considered in their historical context within the Byzantine Commonwealth and are traced in both philosophy and poetry.

Book Chapters

Dinesen, R.L., & Wivel, A. (2014). Georgia and Moldova: Caught in the Outskirts of Europe? In Archer, C., Bailes, A. J., & Wivel, A. (Eds.), Small States and International Security: Europe and Beyond (pp. 149-166). Routledge.

The analysis explores the security challenges of two small post-Soviet states, the Republic of Moldova and Georgia. Located in the outskirts of Europe, Moldova and Georgia face some of the security challenges typically encountered by states outside the highly stable and institutionalized European security order, while at the same time aiming explicitly to become members of that order 다운로드. The chapter explains and compares the way that each of them has responded to these challenges and discusses what policy lessons may be learned.

Welt, C. (2014). A Fateful Moment: Ethnic Autonomy and Revolutionary Violence in the Democratic Republic of Georgia. In Jones, S. F. (Ed.), The Making of Modern Georgia, 1918-2012: The First Georgian Republic and its Successors (pp. 205-231). Routledge.

The roots of today’s Georgian-Abkhazian and Georgian-South Ossetian conflicts can be traced to the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the civil war that followed. Locating these origins in revolutionary times is not just a temporal exercise. These conflicts had their roots in social and ideological differences both between and within ethnic categories 스위치 nsp. While most politically active Abkhazians and South Ossetians harbored ethnic aspirations, expressions of Abkhazian and Ossetian ethnonationalism were heterogeneous and not all dedicated to complete territorial independence. The tragedy for Georgian-Abkhazian and Georgian-South Ossetian relations is that primarily political disputes became overwhelmed by chaos and violent revolutionary events.

Kakulia, M. (2014). Georgia’s Experiences on Developing Trade and Trade Policy Relations with the European Union. In Szigetvari, T. (Ed.), Developing Trade and Trade Policy Relations with the European Union – Experience of Visegrad Countries and Implications / Lessons for Eastern Partners (pp 다운로드. 137-160). Budapest, Hungary: Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

This study chapter provides a brief description on the actual state of Eastern Partnership process by showing the general features, statistics and trends of bilateral economic relations between the EU and Georgia. It analyses the actual state of the DCFTA process, with a special regard on the main problems and expectations concerning the DCFTA from the EaP’s point of view. The study elaborates on the major impacts in a sector specific approach by focusing on the interests of Georgia and on the major barriers to the DCFTA implementation. Finally, this chapter provides recommendations on how the EU could do a better job within the Eastern Partnership framework.

Academic Articles

Ram, H 다운로드. (2014). Introducing Georgian Modernism. Modernism/modernity, 21(1), 283-288.

European modernity reached Georgia under the aegis of the Russian imperial state, propagated both by the tsars’ agents and by their intellectual critics. Georgia’s assimilation of European culture passed through several historical stages that would echo, but also question, the political and cultural evolution of the Russian intelligentsia. By 1917, after a century or more under Russian suzerainty, Georgia had had its literary romantics, its social realists and revolutionary democrats, its liberal nationalists and its socialists, and was now witnessing the flowering of its own national variant of literary modernism.

Chikhradze, M.(2014) 다운로드. A City of Poets: The Cultural Life of Tbilisi 1910–1930. Modernism/modernity, 21(1), 289-305.

The geographical position of the city, along with cultural and historical conditions specific to late imperial Russia, created a fertile environment for the rise of modernism during the 1910s and the 1920s. “One found the strangest people there,” noted British journalist Carl Bechhofer Roberts: “poets and painters… philosophers, theosophists, dancers, singers, actors and actresses…” The Russian revolution of 1917 and the ensuing civil war shattered the material foundations of cultural life throughout much of the crumbling tsarist empire, compelling many Russian artists and intellectuals to flee to Tbilisi, which served as the capital of independent Georgia between 1918 and 1921.

Griffin, G., Noniashvili, M., & Batiashvili, M. (2014). The Implementation and Results of the Use of Social Media in the Republic of Georgia. Journal of Eastern European and Central Asian Research (JEECAR), 1(1), 1-8 hex rays decompiler.

The Republic of Georgia has begun a transition from old world economics to integrating social media and the Internet to provide a global presence for the country. Research shows that the Georgian people have significantly embraced social media as a means for conducting business and connecting with many countries on a global basis. Internet subscribers have continually increased in numbers; thus the numbers of social media participants has also increased. This paper addresses the history of Georgia, the current status of social media in Georgia, and the future for social media as it permeates the Georgian population. In order to maintain a robust economic recovery, Georgia citizens and businesses must continue to conduct business through social media pathways that will keep Georgia in the global market 타짜 만화책 다운로드.

Chelidze, A. (2014). Ethno-Nationalistic and Religious-Nationalistic Components of Identity in Post-Soviet Georgia. Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe, 34(2), 1-20.

For a society in transition in the conditions of normative uncertainty and devaluation of values actuality of such problems as are the lack of trust on every level of relationship and disorientation of people, is of high importance. Our starting issue is that nowadays in the framework of construction of social identity basic identity encompasses civil, national, confessional, ideological elements which determine the state of a person in the system of social coordinates. The subject of this sociological research was to study the role of religion and ethnicity in the modern configuration of identity in Georgian society 다운로드.

Gugushvili, A. (2014). The Georgian Dream of Pension Reforms. Caucasus Analytical Digest 60, 6-8

Although old-age benefits help to alleviate poverty in Georgia, the system does not satisfy its main stakeholders. Retirees believe that pensions are unfair and inadequate, while experts and governmental officials realize the growing burden of benefits for the country’s public finances. The past experience of pension (non) reforms suggest that changes are sensitive to the government’s capacity to reform, the fiscal health of the economy, political stability and the ideological preferences of the ruling elites 명품고딕. The transfer of power through parliamentary and presidential elections in 2012–2013 opened an opportunity for reforming the pension system based on broad public consensus and economic sustainability.

Working Papers

van Atteveldt, W., Sheafer, T., & Shenhav, S. (2014). Semantic Network Analysis of Frame Building during war: Mediated Public Diplomacy in Gaza, Georgia, and Iraq. ISA Toronto Conference 2014.

This paper is a work-in-progress describing an ongoing effort to automatically analyze the framing of conflict by media in third countries using Semantic Network Analysis. The authors study three conflicts: the 2003–2011 war in Iraq, the 2008 South Ossetian conflict, and the 2008–2009 Gaza War. For each conflict, they have manually analysed (public or private) messages of at least one of the beligerent parties to determine that party’s prefered framing of the conflict. By analysing these frames from a semantic network perspective, study shows that there is a recurrent set of framing functions that are used by the parties in all three conflicts. Using transformation rules on the syntactic structure of sentences, these framing functions can then be automatically identified in newspaper coverage.