ტეგების არქივი: ყარაბახი

George Khelashvili & S. Neil Macfarlane – The Evolution of US Policy towards the Southern Caucasus

ამ სტატიაში განხილულია აშშ-ის პოლიტიკა სამხრეთ კავკასიაში 1991 წლიდან მოყოლებული 동백꽃 필 무렵 11회 다운로드. სტატიის მთავარი არგუმენტია, რომ ამერიკის მიდგომა იყო არათანმიმდევრული 다운로드. ეს პოლიტიკა წარმოადგენდა იდეოლოგიური შეხედულებების (დემოკრატიის გავრცელება საქართველოში), ეკონომიკური ინტერესების (კასპიის აუზის ენერგოპროდუქტები და აზერბაიჯანთან ურთიერთობების განვითარება), აშშ-ში ეროვნული უმცირესობების ლობირებისა (ამერიკის პოლიტიკა ყარაბახის კონფლიქტთან მიმართებაში) და ლიდერის იდიოსინკრატული პრეფერენციების (ბუშისა და სააკაშვილის პირადი ურთიერთობები) ნაზავს 다운로드. ამგვარი მიდგომა ასახავდა სტრატეგიული ფაქტორების ნაკლებობასა და რუსეთის მიერ რეგიონში საკუთარი ჰეგემონური ინტერესების გატარების უუნარობას.

Khelashvili, G., & Macfarlane, S. N. (2010). The Evolution of US Policy towards the Southern Caucasus. International Relations/Uluslararasi Iliskiler, 7(26).

ჩამოტვირთვა

ახალი პუბლიკაციები: დეკემბერი 2015

წიგნის რეცენზია

Wheatley, J.. (2015). Review of The Making of Modern Georgia, 1918–2012: The First Georgian Republic and Its Successors. Slavic Review, 74(4), 930–932.

The Democratic Republic of Georgia (1918–21) is so far underresearched by Georgian and western scholars alike. Yet the [book] not only offers pointers to subsequent developments in Georgia but also provides an early blueprint for socialist democracy that offered an alternative to Bolshevism 다운로드. This selection of essays on the experience of the DRG and the detailed comparisons they offer between it and today’s Georgia gives some fascinating insights into the role of geostrategic and domestic factors in structuring the state and ensuring (or undermining) its stability. This book is unique insofar as it uncovers groundbreaking material and sheds light on the role of Soviet and post-Soviet narratives in rethinking the past and restructuring ideas on power, politics, and nationhood.

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წიგნის თავები

Kostanyan, H wd my cloud download. (2015). Neither Integrated Nor Comprehensive in Substance: Armenia and Georgia. In The Substance of EU Democracy Promotion (pp. 134-148). Palgrave Macmillan UK.

In view of the 2004 eastward enlargement, the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) was established and the South Caucasus countries joined in 2004. Since the initial agreements, the EU’s cooperation with Armenia and Georgia has gradually extended. Besides participating in the ENP, they have also been included in the EU’s Black Sea Synergy and the Eastern Partnership 다운로드. The negotiations of the new-generation Association Agreements were concluded with Armenia and Georgia. However, Armenia refused to sign the agreement with the EU and opted for membership of the Customs Union with Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan instead. The Association Agreements deepen partner countries’ European integration and widen their political relationship with the EU. The Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA) that is considered an integral part of the Association Agreement focuses on the economic aspect of the relationship. In addition, the EU concluded visa facilitation/readmission agreements negotiations with Armenia and Georgia and continues visa liberalisation dialogue with Georgia 스쿨메이트 다운로드.

მეტის ნახვა

 

Freire, M. R., Lopes, P. D., & Nascimento, D. (2015). The EU’s Role in Crisis Management: The Case of the EUMM. In Managing Crises, Making Peace (pp. 178-195). Palgrave Macmillan UK.

Since its establishment and throughout the formal and informal dimensions of its integration process, the European Union (EU) has always been confronted with issues of peace and violence, not only internally but also externally 다운로드. However, the specific context of emergence of the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP)/European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) was characterised by evolving security threats which included terrorism, failed states and violent intra-state conflicts, calling for a different approach in what concerns the EU’s response capacity to crisis and violence within and outside its borders. Besides, the EU has also the difficult task of seeking consensus among its member states with regard to why, where and how to deploy peace missions, responding both to internal political and economic dynamics, as well as to the overall institutional goal of promoting security within and beyond its borders. This chapter analyses, therefore, the deep interconnections between the process of decision-making and the external elements that influence it.

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აკადემიური სტატიები

Salukvadze, J., & Golubchikov, O 다운로드. (2016). City as a geopolitics: Tbilisi, Georgia—A globalizing metropolis in a turbulent region. Cities, 52, 39-54.

Tbilisi, a city of over a million, is the national capital of Georgia. Although little explored in urban studies, the city epitomizes a fascinating assemblage of processes that can illuminate the interplay of geopolitics, political choices, globalization discourses, histories, and urban contestations in shaping urban transformations. Tbilisi’s strategic location in the South Caucasus, at the juncture of major historical empires and religions in Eurasia, has ensured its turbulent history and a polyphony of cultural influences 젠킨스 다운로드. Following Georgia’s independence in 1991, Tbilisi found itself as the pivot of Georgian nation-building. Transition to a market economy also exposed the city to economic hardship, ethnical homogenization, and the informalization of the urban environment. The economic recovery since the early 2000s has activated urban regeneration. Georgia’s government has recently promoted flagship urban development projects in pursuit of making Tbilisi as a modern globalizing metropolis. This has brought contradictions, such as undermining the city’s heritage, contributing to socio-spatial polarization, and deteriorating the city’s public spaces 다운로드. The elitist processes of decision-making and a lack of a consistent urban policy and planning regimes are argued to be among major impediments for a more sustainable development of this city.

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O’Loughlin, J., Kolossov, V., & Toal, G. (2015). Inside the post-Soviet de facto states: a comparison of attitudes in Abkhazia, Nagorny Karabakh, South Ossetia, and Transnistria. Eurasian Geography and Economics, 55(5), 1-34 다운로드.

In the wake of the Ukrainian crisis in 2013–2014, renewed attention has been given to the earlier so-called “frozen conflicts” of the successor states of the Soviet Union. In Georgia, Moldova, and Azerbaijan, national conflicts of the early 1990s resulted in establishment of four breakaway regions, the de facto states of Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Transnistria, and Nagorny Karabakh. While the first three are supported by Russia, the latter is supported by Armenia. Such support as well as growing internal legitimacy has enabled these republics to retain separate status for almost 25 years 다운로드. Though appearing quite similar from an external perspective, the populations of the de facto states are quite diverse in composition, geopolitical preferences, and support for political institutions and persons. Large representative public opinion surveys conducted by the authors in 2010–2011 in the four de facto states allow a deeper comprehension of internal political and social dynamics. Three main dimensions of their current status and orientation (relations with Russia, support for local institutions, and possibilities of post-war reconciliation) are examined using nine key comparative questions. Nationality is the main predictor of divergent opinions within the republics, and results are reported along this dimension. Close relations with the external patron, support for the legitimacy and identity of the respective de facto republics, and little interest in returning to the parent state testify to the longevity and successful promotion of state and nation in the de facto republics in the Caucasus-Black Sea Region.

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მოხსენება

Mshvidobadze, K. (2015). Georgia Cyber Barometer Report. Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies.

Cyber Barometer Report on Georgia is an analysis of cybercrime and cyber threats, responses and related matters in Georgia. The aim of the report is to uncover cyber threats to the country and the strengths and weaknesses that characterize the country’s ability to respond to those threats. In particular, this report covers levels and types of cybercrime on the Internet in Georgia; law enforcement capabilities, activities and assessments; key elements of critical infrastructure relating to the Internet in Georgia and the current level of cyber security protecting such assets; economic and social prospects; a net assessment and a possible roadmap for further action.

მეტის ნახვა

ახალი პუბლიკაციები: ოქტომბერი-ნოემბერი 2015

აკადემიური სტატიები

Ó Beacháin, D. (2015). Elections without recognition: presidential and parliamentary contests in Abkhazia and Nagorny Karabakh. Caucasus Survey, 1-19.

While various debates have arisen on the relationship between non-recognition and democratization, empirical case studies on elections in de facto states are extremely rare 다운로드. This article examines recent presidential and parliamentary elections in two unrecognized or partially recognized de facto states in the South Caucasus, namely Abkhazia and Nagorny Karabakh. Accordingly, the emphasis is on the Abkhazian presidential elections of August 2011 and August 2014 and parliamentary elections of 2007 and 2012, along with the most recent executive and legislative elections in the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (NKR) in July 2012 and May 2015 respectively 다운로드. On the basis of extensive interviews and participant observation, this article demonstrates how although both parliamentary and presidential elections in Abkhazia are competitive, they favour the titular nation, while in homogeneous Nagorny Karabakh fear of a renewed conflagration has until recently produced relatively uncompetitive presidential contests. The dynamics of majoritarian versus party list, party, ethnic and gender representation are examined in each case. The case studies reveal weak political parties, but the NKR has made incremental changes to the electoral law that might encourage a less personality-based parliamentary system 다운로드.

მეტის ნახვა

 

Brisku, A. (2015). Renegotiating the empire, forging the nation-state: the Georgian case through the political economic thought of Niko Nikoladze and Noe Zhordania, c 다운로드. 1870–1920. Nationalities Papers.

This article begins with an observation of a contemporary and yet reoccurring political dilemma that small nation-states face with respect to larger states in being either inside or outside of supranational political entities regarding political and economic asymmetries. Employing an intellectual history approach, the article explores this dilemma with reference to the Georgian nation in late-nineteenth century Tsarist Russia and the early twentieth century, when that territory briefly became a nation-state: It explores this through the language of political economy articulated in the thoughts and actions of two founding Georgian national intellectual and political figures, the statesman Niko Nikoladze and Noe Zhordania, who was one of the first prime ministers jboss eap 7. It argues that conceiving of the nation(state) primarily in economic terms, as opposed to exclusively nationalist ones, was more conducive to the option of remaining inside a supranational space.

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Eisler, D 이야기 2000 다운로드. F. (2015). Blitzkrieg reconsidered? Assessing the importance of morale and unit cohesion in the 2008 Russia–Georgia war. Defence Studies, 1-19.

The formal model of modern-system force employment developed in Stephen Biddle (2004) book, Military Power, is a standard text in the defense analysis field but has rarely been applied to analyze battlefield outcomes 쓰 리필 다운로드. The 2008 Five-Day War between Russia and the Republic of Georgia provides a compelling case study for empirical testing. The outcome of the conflict reveals an inconsistency between the theoretical model and the actual results, suggesting that technical and tactical force employment variables alone may not be sufficient to explain battlefield dynamics, and that the effects of psychological shock on unit morale and cohesion may constrain how well a military force can perform even while adhering to modern-system doctrine.

მეტის ნახვა

 

Gugushvili, A., Kabachnik, P., & Gilbreath, A 다운로드. H. (2015). Cartographies of Stalin: Place, Scale, and Reputational Politics. The Professional Geographer, 1-12.

This article explores the spatial variation of support for former Soviet leader Joseph Stalin in his home country, Georgia. This research contributes to the literature on reputational politics by highlighting the role of spatial, rather than only social, factors in the construction of public opinion about Stalin 다운로드. It illustrates how geographic factors impact Georgians’ perceptions of the Soviet dictator by examining various aspects of place at various scales—including distance to Gori, Stalin’s birthplace, the history of urbanization, and economic and political indices. To this end the authors map attitudes toward the Soviet dictator and use a multilevel spatial regression technique to explain variance in support for Stalin across forty-seven districts of Georgia 다운로드. This enables to explore the impact of place on people’s attitudes by examining (1) whether there are local and regional hotspots of Stalin admiration and, if so, (2) what the contextual explanations of these attitudes are.

მეტის ნახვა

 

Prelz Oltramonti, G. (2015). The political economy of a de facto state: the importance of local stakeholders in the case of Abkhazia. Caucasus Survey, 1-18.

Between 1993 and 2008, the economy of Abkhazia was subjected to a multiplicity of internal and external influences. According to the authorities of the de facto state, its stunted growth was a consequence of what they branded as the ‘Georgian embargo’. However, not only was Russia as strong an influencing actor, but the picture is also skewed if local stakeholders are not taken into consideration. Far from being passive recipients or targets of external pressures, local elites shaped the Abkhaz economy, while financially and politically profiting from it. In this paper, this is shown by tracing the evolution of the Abkhaz economic development through time and underlining its spatial characteristics. Processes of isolation, progressive opening, economic transformation and trade are deconstructed to demonstrate the gap between practice and discourse, and to unveil the key role played by local stakeholders.

მეტის ნახვა

 

Zunes, S. (2015). US–Georgian Relations and the 2008 Conflict with Russia.Peace Review27(4), 492-498.

In these article, author reviews the circumstances of the 2008 war and how the United States contributed to the crisis.

მეტის ნახვა

Tim Poitier – Conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, Abkhazia and South Ossetia: A Legal Appraisal

სამხრეთ კავკასიის კონფლიქტები ამოუხსნელად ჩანს 다운로드. დამოუკიდებლობით გამოწვეული იმედები ჩააცხრო წარსული და თანამედროვე რეგიონული ჰეგემონიის, ისტორიული ანტიპათიისა და საბჭოთა დაგეგმარების სახიფათო ნაზავმა 다운로드. სომხეთი, აზერბაიჯანი და საქართველო აგრძელებენ საკუთარი გაზაფხულის მოსვლის ლოდინს 대교어린이tv 다운로드. ამ რეგიონში დასავლური აკადემიური მწერლობა, უკანასკნელი ათწლეულის მანძილზე, თითქმის ექსკლუზიურად ფოკუსირდება  რეგიონული უსაფრთხოების დინამიკასა და “დიდი ძალების” მეტოქეობაზე 다운로드. კონფლიქტის კონტექსტში, ეს კრებული იძლევა შესაძლო პროცესებისა და სტრუქტურების სამართლებრივ შეფასებას, რომელმაც შეიძლება, საბოლოოდ, გაადვილოს მთიან ყარაბაღში, აფხაზეთსა და სამხრეთ ოსეთში კონსტიტუციური გადაწყვეტის პოვნა 다운로드. ამ ნაშრომით, ტიმ პოიტიემ, აკადემიურმა იურისტმა კავკასიაში დიდი გამოცდილებით, დაწერა აღწერა, რომელიც გამოსადეგი იქნება არამხოლოდ რეგიონში მომუშავე მეცნიერებისთვის, დიპლომატებისთვისა და ოფიციალური პირებისთვის, აგრეთვე საკუთარი წვლილის შემტანი თვით-გამორკვევასა და ავტონომიაზე საერთაშორისო სამართლის მიმდინარე განვითარებაში 다운로드.

Potier, T. (2001). Conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, Abkhazia and South Ossetia: A Legal Appraisal. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers 다운로드.

ნახეთ books.google.com-ზე; რეცენზია (Lala Jumayeva, Caucasian Review of International Affairs)

Christoph Zürcher – The Post-Soviet Wars: Rebellion, Ethnic Conflict, and Nationhood in the Caucasus

პოსტ-საბჭოთა ომები არის კავკასიის რეგიონში ორგანიზებული ძალადობის შედარებითი აღწერა 다운로드. ის მოიცავს შემდეგ ძირითად არეალებს: ჩეჩნეთი, სომხეთი, აზერბაიჯანი, საქართველო და დაღესტანი 다운로드. ზურჩერის მიზანია გაიგოს ამ რეგიონებში ძალადობის ბუნება და წარმოშობა, პოსტ-საბჭოთა რეჟიმების მხრიდან პასუხი და ჩახშობა, მიღებული შედეგები, აგრეთვე თუ რატომ იქცა ზოგიერთი კონფლიქტი სისხლიანად და ზოგი არა. მაგალითად, დაღესტანში რეალური სისხლიანი კონფლიქტი არ წარმოშობილა, რაც რეგიონში პოლიტიკური სტაბილურობის გამონაკლისია 맨인블랙 인터내셔널 자막. წიგნი იძლევა რეგიონის მოკლე ისტორიას, განსაკუთრებით ეხება საბჭოთა კავშირის დაშლას და მიღებულ ცვლილებებს. ზურჩერი სიფრთხილით აღწერს თითოეულ რეგიონის მახასიათებლებს, ეკონომიკურს, ეთნიკურს, რელიგიურსა და პოლიტიკურს, რათა ამით გასაგები გახადოს თუ რატომ გადაიქცა ზოგიერთი კონფლიქტი სისხლიანად და თუ რას შეიძლება მოასწავებდეს რეგიონის მომავალი 유튜브 멀티 다운로드.

ეს მნიშვნელოვანი ნაშრომი იძლევა რეგიონის თანამედროვე და ყოვლისმომცველ მიმოხილვას, აგრეთვე  მობილიზაციასა და ძალადობაზე არსებული თანამედროვე კვლევების ხელმისაწვდომ გაგებას 다운로드.

Zurcher, C. (2007). The Post-Soviet Wars: Rebellion, Ethnic Conflict, and Nnationhood in the Caucasus. NYU Press 다운로드.

ნახეთ books.google.com-ზე; რეცენზია (Ara Sanjian, Central Asian Survey) (Luisa Bunescu, H-Soz-Kult)