პროექტი “გეორგიკა” გთავაზობთ 2014 წლის ივნისში საქართველოს შესახებ გამოქვეყნებული პუბლიკაციების მოკლე მიმოხილვას.

Books

Pataraia, T., Bekishvili, N., Kopaliani, D., & Absandze, I. (2013). Georgia: History of Green Politics. Tbilisi, Georgia: Heinrich Boell Foundation.

“Georgia: History of Green Politics” is composed of the publications of several researchers. Together these publications describe the most interesting historic chapters of green movement in Georgia. The book describes the roots of establishment of green movement and the Green Party, the directions and the results of legislative activity of the Green Faction in the Georgian Parliament, and main factors causing the weakening of the Party wbfs manager download.

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Book Chapter

Salukvadze, J. & Meladze, G. (2014). Georgia: Migration, A Main Risk towards Sustainable Demographic Future. In Eross, A. & Karacsonyi, D. (Eds.), Discovering Migration between Visegrad countries and Eastern Partners (pp. 150-169). Budapest, Hungary: Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

The book studies the features, recent processes and probable future trends of migration between Visegrad countries and Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova and Georgia. In former socialist bloc migration was strongly controlled by the state, border crossing was limited and even militarized along the iron curtain. After 1990 mobility has rapidly increased in the region generating mass (out)migration 다운로드. EU integration of Visegrad counties, especially the implementation of Schengen border control system, has installed new boundaries between the EU member V4 countries and their Eastern partners. Recently the global crisis has also redrawn the migratory processes in the region.

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Academic Article

Soderlind, U. (2014). Fast Food in Tbilisi. Review of Applied Socio-Economic Research, 7(1), 125-146.

This article deals with the fast food establishments that can be found in Georgia’s capital Tbilisi as of today. The article is divided into two sections, first interviews with the managers or the owners of the establishments and then we hear the voices of the costumers by a questionnaire that was left for the costumers to answer while they were visiting the establishments 다운로드. The article and study should be seen as a first academic attempt to map out the fast food sphere in Tbilisi that is quite new on the gastronomic map of the country.

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Shevchuk, Z. (2014). The Evolving Nature of the Armed Conflict in South Ossetia: From “Frozen” to “Hot” and Back. Obrana a strategie, 14(1), 51-64.

This article explores the conflict processes in one of the most volatile regions in post-Soviet space – South Ossetia. The objective of the analysis is to bring more nuanced and explicit distinction to the understanding of the heterogeneous nature of the armed conflict 다운로드. By studying the evolution of issues at stake and conflict processes we can trace the pattern of conflict behavior. The study focuses on an assessment of the extent to which ethnicity is merely a convenient common dominator to mobilize ethnic groups in the struggle over resources, land, or power. This study rejects the common notion that the contemporary conflicts in the South Ossetia can be understood as “unfinished business” from the past ethnic conflicts that had been “frozen” under the communist regime.

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Think-Tank Reports

Smith, D.J. (2014). Azerbaijan and Georgia: The Enduring Strategic Importance of the South Caucasus East-West Corridor (Expert Opinion 19). Tbilisi, Georgia: GFSIS 리눅스 tcpdump.

Azerbaijan and Georgia form the fulcrum of the South Caucasus East-West Corridor, which connects the North Atlantic water system, including the Mediterranean and Black Seas and the Rhine-Main-Danube River-Canal system, with a Eurasian land route that reaches the Pacific Ocean. At the same time this corridor is the geopolitical key to Putin’s quest to recreate the Russian Empire. Moscow’s fear of the history-altering potential of a viable non-Russian corridor between the Black Sea and the Caspian makes the geopolitical struggle for this region a zero-sum game.

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Kapanadze, S. (2014). Georgia’s Vulnerability to Russian Pressure Points (Policy Memo 106). Brussels, Belgium: ECFR.

This paper analyses the various economic, political, and military pressure points that Russia can target to derail Georgia’s path to Europe 다운로드. Georgia has decreased its dependency on Moscow substantially since its last dramatic conflict with Moscow in 2007. However, this memo argues that Russia still has the means to influence Georgia’s foreign-policy choices by attacking strategic bilateral vulnerabilities that include wine exports, remittances, investment, winter oil supplies, domestic divisions, and the occupied regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia.

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Fix, L. (2014). Georgia Knocking on Europe’s Door (DGAPkompakt Nr. 10). Berlin, Germany: DGAP

On June 27, Georgia will sign an Association Agreement with the EU – the same type of agreement that triggered revolution and crisis in Ukraine. Despite all efforts to reduce its dependency on Russia, Georgia remains in a vulnerable position. Russian pressure is to be expected, either in the run-up to the signing or in its aftermath, while Georgia will stay in the EU’s antechamber, without security guarantees from NATO 다운로드. In view of Russian attempts to exert influence and a possible rise of Euroskepticism within Georgia, the EU’s challenge is to keep the country on the European track.

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Gogolashvili, K. (Ed.). (2014). In Search of Ways for Russian-Georgian Normalization. Tbilisi, Georgia: GFSIS.

The publication consists of public policy documents written by Georgian and Russian experts. These articles focus on various aspects of Russia-Georgia relations: social forces in Russia and Georgia and their role in peacebuilding, the directions and limits of the opportunities for the normalization of relations between the two countries, the role of international players in the relations between Russia and Georgia, and economic factors shaping the process of normalization 다운로드.

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Saari, S. (2014). Georgia’s Search for the Third Way (Briefing Paper 157). Helsinki, Finland: FIIA.

Russia is not likely to resort to overt political pressure on Georgia in the run-up to Georgia’s signing of the Association Agreement with the EU (27 June), and the NATO Summit in Wales (4–5 September). This is partly due to its weak levers and the fact that they cannot be strengthened within a short time span. Instead, Russia is likely to apply a dual strategy by strengthening its indirect ‘influence tools’ that are operating within Georgian society, as well as by continuing dialogue and pragmatic cooperation with the Georgian leadership – at least for the time being. Despite the fact that the Russian intervention in Ukraine is likely to deter and delay substantial progress in the cooperation between Georgia and Russia, both sides seem to be willing to continue on the path of ‘normalisation’ 다운로드. A practical compromise on the Georgian westward course seems to be emerging: in all likelihood Georgia will sign the Association Agreement with the EU without much Russian interference, but NATO will not offer Georgia a Membership Action Plan at the Summit.

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Kakachia, K. (2014). Is Georgia’s Orthodox Church an Obstacle to European Values? (Policy Memo 322). Washington, DC: PONARS.

Since independence, many post-Soviet states have witnessed a rise in religious tension, particularly between the predominant Orthodox churches, other faiths, and the secular requirements of modern governance. In Georgia, the bonds between the Georgian Orthodox Church and the state are longstanding and deep-seated. As Georgia moves toward greater association with the EU, however, there have been some shifts in church-state relations that have challenged principles of secularism and Westernization arc welder download. They have raised questions of tolerance and, in the context of contemporary geopolitics, the implications of the relationship between the Kremlin, the Moscow Patriarchate, and the Georgian Orthodox Church.

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Must-Read Article

Joseph, E. P. & Tsereteli, M. (2014, July 2). Here’s How NATO Can Open a Path to Membership for Georgia. Washington, DC: Atlantic Council.

Between the two extreme options – immediately granting Georgia a membership action plan at the upcoming summit in Cardiff, Wales or handing Tbilisi more empty promises – lies an alternative: the formal declaration by alliance leaders that Georgia can be admitted to NATO at any given moment without a MAP. This would avoid providing Moscow with any pretext for further chicanery in the Caucasus, such as annexing South Ossetia and its fellow breakaway region, Abkhazia. At the same time, by removing the impediment of a MAP, such a step would restore the faith of Georgian leaders and the public in the vision of “joining the West.”

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პროექტი “გეორგიკა” გთავაზობთ 2014 წლის მაისში საქართველოს შესახებ გამოქვეყნებული პუბლიკაციების მოკლე მიმოხილვას.

Books

Mühlfried, F.: Being a state and states of being in highland Georgia

The highland region of the republic of Georgia, one of the former Soviet Socialist Republics, has long been legendary for its beauty. It is often assumed that the state has only made partial inroads into this region, and is mostly perceived as alien. Taking a fresh look at the Georgian highlands allows the author to consider perennial questions of citizenship, belonging, and mobility in a context that has otherwise been known only for its folkloric dimensions. Scrutinizing forms of identification with the state at its margins, as well as local encounters with the erratic Soviet and post-Soviet state, the author argues that citizenship is both a sought-after means of entitlement and a way of guarding against the state 다운로드. This book not only challenges theories in the study of citizenship but also the axioms of integration in Western social sciences in general.

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Journal Articles

Lebanidze, B.: What makes authoritarian regimes sweat? Linkage, leverage and democratization in post-Soviet South Caucasus. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, Volume 14, Issue 2, 2014

This paper seeks to investigate the role of the international environment in the democratic transition process in the post-Soviet South Caucasus states. Based on the famous theoretical model of linkage and leverage, the influence of two main regional actors, Russia and the West (In this paper, ‘the West’ is conceptualized as the sum of influences stemming from the EU, the US and the multinational institutions dominated by the Western states (e.g. NATO, the IMF, the World Bank, and EBRD).), are explained and conceptualized. The paper argues that competitive authoritarianism, the form of political regime that is believed to be predominant in the region, is the result of the flawed democratization strategy pursued by the EU and the US on the one hand and the influence of Russia, the counter-hegemonic power, on the other hand, which explicitly or implicitly decreases the transformative power of the West 다이나 밉스 다운로드.

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Chakhaia, L., Andguladze, N., Janelidze, A., Pruidze, N.: Identities, cultural capital, educational choices and post-communist transition: an ethnographic study of Georgian youth. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, Volume 14, Issue 2, 2014

This paper summarizes a qualitative study of the educational decision-making of adolescents with diverse backgrounds in the post-Soviet republic of Georgia. The results suggest that a set of institutional factors force young people with certain backgrounds to drop out of school at an early stage, even when alternative education or labour market options are not available for them. The absence of fear of downward mobility among some parents may be helping to increase educational inequality. Parental motivation can be seen as a form of capital that is particularly valued by teachers, who attenuate aspirations of those students whose parents lack it and encourage them to leave the system.

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Kitaevich, E. J.: History that splinters: education reforms and memory politics in the Republic of Georgia. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, Volume 14, Issue 2, 2014

Sudden collapse of Communism and uncertainty of the new order brought about renewed fascination with the national history 다운로드. Much of the research on collective memory formation and identity-building in the post-Soviet space, however, paid disproportionate attention to the role of the state as the main locus of collective memory production. The method of qualitative inquiry proposed in this article, in a social constructivist vein, examines the formation of collective memory narratives and the visions of statehood from the ground up in the context of Georgia. Based on the analysis of the data derived from extensive interviews with 64 school teachers of history, as well as content analysis of nine textbooks, and several versions of the official curriculum plan, I suggest that societal views of history, are noticeably divided along the generational cleavage lines, forming four distinct categories of narratives that respond to and often contest the state-generated discourse, while informing the visions of statehood of the members of polity.

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Driscoll, J., Hidalgo, D.: Intended and unintended consequences of democracy promotion assistance to Georgia after the Rose Revolution. Research & Politics April-June 2014 vol rix 모던 고딕 b. 1 no. 1

What are the political consequences of democratization assistance to regimes transitioning from authoritarian rule? By exploiting the downstream effects of a field experiment designed to encourage citizen monitoring of Georgia’s 2008 parliamentary elections, we evaluate the political consequences of one type of democracy promotion aid. The intervention increased citizen activism, but it also had the unanticipated effect of suppressing overall voter turnout by approximately 5%. We hypothesize that the civic education campaign was interpreted as a sign of increased political attention to a selected voting precinct, which suppressed opposition turnout. Two additional experiments provide additional evidence for the hypothesis.

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Blauvelt, T.: The ‘Mingrelian Question’: Institutional Resources and the Limits of Soviet Nationality Policy. Europe-Asia Studies

Based on primary source materials from the Georgian Party archive and periodical press, this article examines the conflict between central and local elites in the Soviet Republic of Georgia over whether or not to grant linguistic and territorial rights to residents of one of its regions. The case demonstrates how the promises and aspirations of Soviet nationality policy were actually negotiated and interpreted on the local level in the early years of Soviet power, and how actors attempted to make use of nationality policy in order to mobilise the institutional resources available to them 다운로드.

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Dobbins, M., Khachatryan, S.: Europeanization in the “Wild East”? Analyzing higher education governance reform in Georgia and Armenia. Higher Education, May 2014

The authors examine higher education developments in two peripheral post-communist countries—Georgia and Armenia, whose education systems have previously received little attention in the literature. They focus on how both countries’ models of higher education governance have evolved through the phase of political transformation and recent period of geopolitical tensions and more intense Europeanization and internationalization. Based on a series of empirical indicators for three ideal-types of higher governance derived from the previous literature, the authors assess the transformed relationship between the state and higher education institutions construction simulator 3 다운로드. Specifically, they focus on the extent to which both systems have converged on a market-oriented model of Anglo-American inspiration. The empirical analysis shows that following western practices has become a common leitmotiv of policy-makers in both countries and that new forms of “co-governance” between the state and university management have emerged. However, the authors argue that policy learning from the West has taken place in a very selective and tactical manner, as market-oriented steering instruments are only being adopted to the extent that they do not undermine the state’s means for political control over higher education.

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Gotfredsen, K. B.: Void Pasts and Marginal Presents: On Nostalgia and Obsolete Futures in the Republic of Georgia. Slavic review. Volume 73 Number 2

In contemporary Georgia and beyond, nostalgia for the Soviet past is often ridiculed and dismissed as a reactionary wish to turn back time 예전에 다운로드. In this article, however, I explore generational nostalgia as temporal displacement of present political struggles. Drawing on life story interviews with middle-aged and elderly people in the provincial town of Gori, I argue that nostalgic longings may be understood as active attempts to presence personal pasts and futures that have publicly been rendered absent by an official rhetoric and practice that explicitly rejects the Soviet past. From this perspective, post-Soviet generational nostalgia temporally connects several dimensions of absence: the experience of one’s personal past being publicly cast as void; a perceived lack of social security, influence, and significance in the present; and a dynamic whereby these two dimensions render former dreams and visions for the future obsolete.

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Manning, P.: Once Upon a Time, There Was Sex in Georgia. Slavic review. Volume 73 Number 2

Georgians have long found in the remote mountainous regions of Georgia, Pshavi and Khevsureti, a fragmentary ethnographic image of a romantic and exotic “once upon a time” version of Georgia 다운로드. Georgians have been particularly tantalized by images of the strange sexual practices of these mountains (called ts’ats’loba), which represent a kind of paradoxical “sex without sex,” a seeming inversion of normative Georgian sexuality, belonging at the same time to the most “Georgian” part of Georgia. Fragmentary images of this “Georgian ancestral sex” circulate in a complex, multigenred interdiscursive space of citationality, becoming, in this recirculation, a haunting absent presence, re-presentations of a sexual alterity shot through with lacunae and absences, which become full of virtual potentiality as these gaps and absences are filled in with one’s own imagination and desire. This article ethnographically traces the citational connections between these fragmentary images of sexuality.

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Dunn, E. C.: Humanitarianism, Displacement, and the Politics of Nothing in Postwar Georgia. Slavic review. Volume 73 Number 2

After the 2008 war with Russia, many internally displaced people (IDPs) in the Republic of Georgia complained that they had nothing, despite the fact that international donors gave more than $450 million in humanitarian aid gba download. What was nothing? How was it related to forced migration? Why did humanitarianism continually focus the IDPs’ attention on what they had lost rather than the help they had been given? In this article, I use the work of existentialist philosopher Alain Badiou to argue that humanitarianism creates four forms of absence: anti-artifacts, black holes, imaginary numbers, and absolute zero. These forms of nothingness force displaced people into having nothing, doing nothing, and being nothing, which in turn prevents them from reassembling the fragments of their previous lives into meaningful forms of existence in the present.

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Fredriksen, M. D.: The Would-Be State: Reforms, NGOs, and Absent Presents in Postrevolutionary Georgia. Slavic review 헬머니 다운로드. Volume 73 Number 2

In the wake of the 2003 revolution in Georgia, the speed of reform in the sphere of psychosocial aid meant that a range of international donors left the country, believing that the services provided by local NGOs, whom they had been supporting, were now taken over by the state. However, many of the reforms and institutional changes officially initiated during this period were never implemented. Hence, an array of present-day problems remained unresolved or untreated because they would be addressed by the state “in the future.” In this article, I refer to this as a would-be state: the condition of that which will be in the future and a state that gains its legitimacy by promising a better tomorrow. By rendering certain issues as unproblematic in future, the Georgian state has managed to make them appear to unproblematic (and thus absent) in the present. I use this framework to engage in a wider discussion of the measures of success in eastern Europe’s new democracies.

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Must-read

Cecire, M.: Georgia’s Fifth Column Stirs-A wakeup call for the West. The American Interest, 19.05.2014

As the U.S. and Europe struggle to respond to Russian aggression in Ukraine, Moscow hopes to export its Orthodox-Nationalist ideology to Georgia—just as public cynicism towards Tbilisi’s pro-West political consensus is increasing.

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Think-tank report

Coffey, L..: Strengthen Bilateral Defense Cooperation with Georgia. The Heritage Foundation, 05.05.2014

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