Tag Archives: Abkhazia

New Publications: October-November 2015

Academic Articles

Ó Beacháin, D. (2015). Elections without recognition: presidential and parliamentary contests in Abkhazia and Nagorny Karabakh. Caucasus Survey, 1-19.

While various debates have arisen on the relationship between non-recognition and democratization, empirical case studies on elections in de facto states are extremely rare 다운로드. This article examines recent presidential and parliamentary elections in two unrecognized or partially recognized de facto states in the South Caucasus, namely Abkhazia and Nagorny Karabakh. Accordingly, the emphasis is on the Abkhazian presidential elections of August 2011 and August 2014 and parliamentary elections of 2007 and 2012, along with the most recent executive and legislative elections in the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (NKR) in July 2012 and May 2015 respectively 다운로드. On the basis of extensive interviews and participant observation, this article demonstrates how although both parliamentary and presidential elections in Abkhazia are competitive, they favour the titular nation, while in homogeneous Nagorny Karabakh fear of a renewed conflagration has until recently produced relatively uncompetitive presidential contests. The dynamics of majoritarian versus party list, party, ethnic and gender representation are examined in each case. The case studies reveal weak political parties, but the NKR has made incremental changes to the electoral law that might encourage a less personality-based parliamentary system 다운로드.

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Brisku, A. (2015). Renegotiating the empire, forging the nation-state: the Georgian case through the political economic thought of Niko Nikoladze and Noe Zhordania, c 다운로드. 1870–1920. Nationalities Papers.

This article begins with an observation of a contemporary and yet reoccurring political dilemma that small nation-states face with respect to larger states in being either inside or outside of supranational political entities regarding political and economic asymmetries. Employing an intellectual history approach, the article explores this dilemma with reference to the Georgian nation in late-nineteenth century Tsarist Russia and the early twentieth century, when that territory briefly became a nation-state: It explores this through the language of political economy articulated in the thoughts and actions of two founding Georgian national intellectual and political figures, the statesman Niko Nikoladze and Noe Zhordania, who was one of the first prime ministers jboss eap 7. It argues that conceiving of the nation(state) primarily in economic terms, as opposed to exclusively nationalist ones, was more conducive to the option of remaining inside a supranational space.

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Eisler, D 이야기 2000 다운로드. F. (2015). Blitzkrieg reconsidered? Assessing the importance of morale and unit cohesion in the 2008 Russia–Georgia war. Defence Studies, 1-19.

The formal model of modern-system force employment developed in Stephen Biddle (2004) book, Military Power, is a standard text in the defense analysis field but has rarely been applied to analyze battlefield outcomes 쓰 리필 다운로드. The 2008 Five-Day War between Russia and the Republic of Georgia provides a compelling case study for empirical testing. The outcome of the conflict reveals an inconsistency between the theoretical model and the actual results, suggesting that technical and tactical force employment variables alone may not be sufficient to explain battlefield dynamics, and that the effects of psychological shock on unit morale and cohesion may constrain how well a military force can perform even while adhering to modern-system doctrine.

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Gugushvili, A., Kabachnik, P., & Gilbreath, A 다운로드. H. (2015). Cartographies of Stalin: Place, Scale, and Reputational Politics. The Professional Geographer, 1-12.

This article explores the spatial variation of support for former Soviet leader Joseph Stalin in his home country, Georgia. This research contributes to the literature on reputational politics by highlighting the role of spatial, rather than only social, factors in the construction of public opinion about Stalin 다운로드. It illustrates how geographic factors impact Georgians’ perceptions of the Soviet dictator by examining various aspects of place at various scales—including distance to Gori, Stalin’s birthplace, the history of urbanization, and economic and political indices. To this end the authors map attitudes toward the Soviet dictator and use a multilevel spatial regression technique to explain variance in support for Stalin across forty-seven districts of Georgia 다운로드. This enables to explore the impact of place on people’s attitudes by examining (1) whether there are local and regional hotspots of Stalin admiration and, if so, (2) what the contextual explanations of these attitudes are.

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Prelz Oltramonti, G. (2015). The political economy of a de facto state: the importance of local stakeholders in the case of Abkhazia. Caucasus Survey, 1-18.

Between 1993 and 2008, the economy of Abkhazia was subjected to a multiplicity of internal and external influences. According to the authorities of the de facto state, its stunted growth was a consequence of what they branded as the ‘Georgian embargo’. However, not only was Russia as strong an influencing actor, but the picture is also skewed if local stakeholders are not taken into consideration. Far from being passive recipients or targets of external pressures, local elites shaped the Abkhaz economy, while financially and politically profiting from it. In this paper, this is shown by tracing the evolution of the Abkhaz economic development through time and underlining its spatial characteristics. Processes of isolation, progressive opening, economic transformation and trade are deconstructed to demonstrate the gap between practice and discourse, and to unveil the key role played by local stakeholders.

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Zunes, S. (2015). US–Georgian Relations and the 2008 Conflict with Russia. Peace Review27(4), 492-498.

In these article, author reviews the circumstances of the 2008 war and how the United States contributed to the crisis.

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Tom Trier, Hedvig Lohm, David Szakonyi – Under Siege: Inter-Ethnic Relations in Abkhazia

Located in the northeastern corner of the Black Sea, Abkhazia was once part of Georgia but broke away from the country after the fall of the Soviet Republic 다운로드. For fifteen years the region functioned as a de facto independent, though internationally unrecognized, state, until August of 2008, when the short war over South Ossetia (another breakaway territory) ended in Russia’s recognition of Abkhazian and South Ossetian sovereignty 다운로드.

Consequently, Abkhazia has become a crucial component of Russia’s struggle to redefine its global influence and a major player in its geopolitical battle with the West ncs 기출 문제. Under Siege clarifies Abkhazia’s ethno-political dynamics, which have played a major role in the country’s state-building efforts and have come to shape the conditions under which the country’s many ethnic communities live 다운로드. Abkhazians, Armenians, Georgians, and Russians all call Abkhazia home, and this volume explores the effect of the government’s de facto status on these groups’ ideas of nationhood and continuing tensions between Georgia, Abkhazia, and Russia 청춘 의 덫 다운로드. This book also launches a rare investigation into the conflict brewing among human rights, minority protections, and Abkhazia’s state building project 다운로드.

Available at Amazon.com; Review (Catherine Baker, H-Genocide)

Trier, T., Lohm, H., & Szakonyi, D 지오스톰 다운로드. (2010). Under Siege: Inter-Ethnic Relations in Abkhazia. New York, Columbia University Press.

Tim Poitier – Conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, Abkhazia and South Ossetia: A Legal Appraisal

The conflicts in the South Caucasus appear impervious to solution 다운로드. The hopes raised by independence have been dashed by an insidious cocktail of past and present regional hegemony, historical antipathy and Soviet planning 다운로드. Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia, continue to wait for their long awaited Spring. In a region where Western academic writing has focused, during the last decade, almost exclusively on the dynamics of regional security and “Great Power” rivalry, even in the context of conflict, this volume provides a legal appraisal of the possible processes and structures which may, ultimately, facilitate the finding of constitutional settlement in Nagorno-Karabakh, Abkhazia and South Ossetia 대교어린이tv 다운로드. In the work, Tom Potier, an academic lawyer with much experience in the Caucasus, has written an account which should prove not only to be of use to academics, diplomats and government officials working in the region, but also as a contribution to the ongoing development of the international law on self-determination and autonomy 다운로드.

Potier, T. (2001). Conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, Abkhazia and South Ossetia: A Legal Appraisal. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers 다운로드.

See on books.google.com; Review (Lala Jumayeva, Caucasian Review of International Affairs)

Christoph Zürcher – The Post-Soviet Wars: Rebellion, Ethnic Conflict, and Nationhood in the Caucasus

The Post-Soviet Wars is a comparative account of the organized violence in the Caucusus region, looking at four key areas: Chechnya, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Dagestan 다운로드. Zürcher’s goal is to understand the origin and nature of the violence in these regions, the response and suppression from the post-Soviet regime and the resulting outcomes, all with an eye toward understanding why some conflicts turned violent, whereas others not 다운로드. Notably, in Dagestan actual violent conflict has not erupted, an exception of political stability for the region. The book provides a brief history of the region, particularly the collapse of the Soviet Union and the resulting changes that took place in the wake of this toppling 맨인블랙 인터내셔널 자막. Zürcher carefully looks at the conditions within each region—economic, ethnic, religious, and political—to make sense of why some turned to violent conflict and some did not and what the future of the region might portend 유튜브 멀티 다운로드.

This important volume provides both an overview of the region that is both up-to-date and comprehensive as well as an accessible understanding of the current scholarship on mobilization and violence 다운로드.

Zurcher, C. (2007). The Post-Soviet Wars: Rebellion, Ethnic Conflict, and Nnationhood in the Caucasus. NYU Press 다운로드.

See on books.google.com; Review (Ara Sanjian, Central Asian Survey) (Luisa Bunescu, H-Soz-Kult)

Alexander Cooley & Lincoln Mitchell – Engagement without Recognition: A New Strategy toward Abkhazia and Eurasia’s Unrecognized States

Authors, Alexander Cooley and Lincoln Mitchell, propose an approach called ‘‘engagement without recognition’’ for Western policy toward Abkhazia to challenge the territory’s international isolation and monopolization of influence by Russia 다운로드. According to this strategy, Abkhazia would be given the opportunity to engage with the West on a number of political, economic, social, and cultural issues for the purpose of lessening Russia’s influence 최신 음악 다운로드. While undertaking this strategy, the West must make it clear that Abkhazia’s status as an independent state will never be accepted by either the United States or the EU 아이나비 맵 데이터 다운로드. By separating the international legal dimensions of sovereignty (the question of non-recognition) from its governance aspects, the West can attempt to gain some needed strategic leverage over Abkhazia, which it currently lacks 각시탈 게임.

Cooley, A., & Mitchell, L. A. (2010). Engagement without Recognition: A New Strategy toward Abkhazia and Eurasia’s Unrecognized States 다운로드. The Washington Quarterly, 33(4), 59-73.

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